What is Cervical Spondylosis? Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
Introduction: What is Cervical Spondylosis?
Cervical spondylosis is a common, age-related condition affecting the cervical spine, which includes the vertebrae and discs in the neck. Often referred to as neck arthritis or cervical osteoarthritis, this degenerative disorder is caused by wear and tear of the cartilage and bones over time. Most people above the age of 60 show signs of this condition, even if they are asymptomatic.
Types of Cervical Spondylosis
- Axial Cervical Spondylosis: Primarily causes neck pain and stiffness without neurological symptoms.
- Radiculopathy (Cervical Radiculopathy): Nerve compression causes pain, numbness, or weakness in the shoulders, arms, or hands.
- Myelopathy (Cervical Myelopathy): Spinal cord compression leading to coordination issues and possibly bladder or bowel problems.
Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Headaches (especially at the back of the head)
- Pain radiating to shoulders or arms
- Tingling or numbness in arms, hands, or fingers
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Muscle weakness
- Difficulty walking
- Grinding sensation when moving the neck
Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
- Aging: Natural degeneration of cervical discs.
- Herniated Discs: Disc damage causing nerve compression.
- Bone Spurs: Extra bone growth putting pressure on nerves.
- Dehydrated Discs: Reduced cushioning ability of discs.
- Injury: Neck trauma accelerates wear and tear.
- Poor Posture: Especially from extended screen time.
- Repetitive Movements: Lifestyle or job-related neck strain.
Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis
Doctors use a combination of the following methods to diagnose cervical spondylosis:
- Physical Examination: Checking movement, reflexes, and muscle strength.
- X-rays: Detect bone changes and spurs.
- MRI: Detailed images of nerves and soft tissues.
- CT Scan: Clear images of bone structure.
- Myelogram: Uses contrast dye for spinal cord images.
- EMG: Tests muscle and nerve activity.
Treatment Options for Cervical Spondylosis
1. Medications
- Pain relievers (Acetaminophen, NSAIDs)
- Muscle relaxants
- Antidepressants for chronic pain relief
- Corticosteroid injections
2. Physical Therapy
- Neck-strengthening exercises
- Posture training
- Traction for spinal decompression
3. Lifestyle and Home Remedies
- Regular low-impact exercise
- Using neck braces for support (short term)
- Hot/cold compresses
- Improving ergonomics at home and work
4. Surgery (For Severe Cases)
- Discectomy
- Laminectomy
- Spinal Fusion
FAQs about Cervical Spondylosis
Q1. Is cervical spondylosis curable?
No, but symptoms can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
Q2. Can cervical spondylosis cause permanent damage?
Yes, if untreated, it may lead to permanent nerve or spinal cord issues.
Q3. Who is most at risk of cervical spondylosis?
Older adults, desk workers, and those with previous neck injuries or poor posture.
Q4. Can yoga help in cervical spondylosis?
Yes, yoga and stretching exercises can alleviate pain and improve neck flexibility.
Q5. When should I see a doctor?
If symptoms persist, or you experience arm tingling or walking difficulties, consult a doctor.
Conclusion
Cervical spondylosis is a natural consequence of aging but doesn’t have to disrupt life. Early diagnosis, proper treatment, and healthy habits can make a big difference. If you notice symptoms, don’t delay a consultation with a healthcare provider. Proactive care is key to managing this condition effectively.
